MTAYILTAEAEADLRGIIRYTRREWGAAQVRRYIAKLEQGIARLAAGEGPFKDMSELFPALRMARCEHHYVFCLPRAGEPALVVAILHERMDLMTRLADRLKG Toxin ParE Gyrase inhibitor ParE PARE_ECOLX Toxin component of a toxin-antitoxin (TA) module involved in plasmid partition. Acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase, converting supercoiled plasmid DNA into a singly cleaved linear form in an ATP-dependent fashion. To do so it probably interacts with one of the gyrase subunits. Gyrase inhibition is prevented by antitoxin ParD, and is reversed in vitro by incubation with ParD. In cells that have lost the plasmid filamentation and growth inhibition occur; this is suppressed when ParD is supplied in trans. The parDE operon alone is capable of stabilizing an RK2- derived minireplicon under defined growth conditions in several different Gram-negative bacteria. It does so by the post- segregational killing (PSK) of plasmid-free cells, also referred to as a plasmid addiction system. 103 parE